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Hydrocarbon class 10 & 9 carbon and its compunds

 Hydrocarbons

 

What is a hydrocarbon?

 

*  In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is a compound consisting primarily of

carbon and hydrogen along with other elements added on as functional groups

Few examples of Hydrocarbons are

*Methane

*Ethane

*Ethanol

*Propane

*Butane

Types of hydrocarbons:

*The hydrocarbons can be classified as

*Open chain or acyclic hydrocarbons

*Cyclic hydrocarbons

*Acyclic hydrocarbons have a linear structure and do not form rings

*Cyclic hydrocarbons have a structure like a ring

Acyclic Hydrocarbons:

* Organic compounds in which all the carbon atoms are linked to one another to form an open chain are called Acyclic Hydrocarbons.

*These can be saturated or unsaturated

Saturated Hydrocarbons:

*The Hydrocarbons where the carbon atoms are linked by only single bonds are called saturated Hydrocarbons.

*They are also alkanes and parrafins

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

* The carbon atoms are connected by double or triple bonds

*They are alkenes or alkynes.


Presentation is done by Adithya Kumar Panda ( FIITJEE Chemistry)

Structural isomers

*Before moving on to see the structures of few hydrocarbons we need to understand what an isomer is?

* A structural isomer, or constitutional isomer (per IUPAC[1]), is a type of  isomer in which molecules with the same molecular formula have different  bonding patterns and atomic organization, as opposed to stereoisomers, in  which molecular bonds are always in the same order and only spatial arrangement differs.

*In chain isomerism, or skeletal isomerism, components of the (usual carbon)  skeleton are distinctly re-ordered to create different structures. Pentane  exists as three isomers: n-pentane (often called simply "pentane"), isopentane  (2-methyl butane), and neopentane (dimethylpropane)


Nomenclature of Organic compounds  (IUPAC Names):

Organic Compounds are named as

* Root word

    * Suffix

              *Primary Suffix

*Secondary Suffix

* Prefix

* Primary Prefix

* Secondary Prefix



Root Word

* It is the basic unit of the word

* It is based on the number of carbons present

 

Prefix

*A primary prefix  Cyclo- is used to distinguish cyclic from acyclic compounds

 


Sufix:

Uses of Hydrocarbons:

* Natural gas and fuels - Many of the natural fuel sources we use are hydrocarbons. Compounds like methane, butane, propane, and hexane are all hydrocarbons. Their chemical formulas consist of only carbon and hydrogen atoms, in a variety of ratios and chemical configurations.

* Plastics - Many of the plastics we use in everyday life and in the industry are made from long chains of monomers, formed from petrochemicals. These petrochemicals are simply hydrocarbons of different chemical compositions.

* Paraffin - The wax that we use for a variety of industries, everything from candle making and food preservation to medical and industrial uses, contains hydrocarbons.

* Isopropyl alcohol - This common medical chemical is interesting in that it contains a hydrocarbon that is then bonded to further carbon atoms. The initial hydrocarbon, CH3, bonds to other atoms to form (CH3)2CHOH.

* Asphalt - the common substance that most people are familiar with is actually a hydrocarbon that has been heated to form the substance tar. It is then mixed with other key industrial ingredients to form the mixture that makes up the road's surface.


Order of Arrangements

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Comments

  1. Gandhimathi26 August 2021 at 17:50

    Very good thanks for publishing

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    1. Lukesh L2 September 2021 at 20:19

      Thanks for your Valuable comment. Share with your friends they might also get helpful.

      Delete
  2. Anonymous30 August 2022 at 13:55

    Other

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