FIITJEE Chemistry

 Surface chemistry name of the chapter:  Surface chemistry  Content Provider: FIITJEE Lecturer from FIITJEE Introduction based on NCERT : Surface chemistry deals with phenomena that occur at the surfaces or interfaces. The interface or surface is represented by separating the bulk phases by a hyphen or a slash. For example, the interface between a solid and gas may be represented by solid-gas or solid/gas. Due to complete miscibility, there is no interface between the gases. The bulk phases that we come across in surface chemistry may be pure compounds or solutions. The interface is normally a few molecules thick but its area depends on the size of the particles of bulk phases. Many important phenomena, noticeable amongst these being corrosions, electrode processes, heterogeneous catalysis, dissolution, and crystallization occur at interfaces. The subject of surface chemistry finds many applications in industry, analytical work, and daily life situations. To accomplish surf

 Periodic table shortcut  Name of the page:   shortcut for periodic table  Done by:                       FIITJEE Student Applicable for all the classes  What is a Periodic Table? a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns. The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of elements, is a tabular display of the chemical elements, which are arranged by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The structure of the table shows periodic trends. who invented the periodic table? many collections of scientists invented it. Embedded PDF:

P BLOCK ELEMENTS name of the chapter: P block element  Content Provider: FIITJEE Lecturer from FIITJEE Introduction based on NCERT : In p-block elements, the last electron enters the outermost p orbital. As we know that the number of p orbitals is three and, therefore, the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a set of p orbitals is six. Consequently, there are six groups of p–block elements in the periodic table numbering from 13 to 18. Boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and helium head the groups. Their valence shell electronic configuration is ns2 np1-6(except for He). The inner core of the electronic configuration may, however, differ. The difference in the inner core of elements greatly influences their physical properties (such as atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, etc.) as well as chemical properties. Consequently, a lot of variation in the properties of elements in a group of p-block is observed. The maximum oxidation state shown

                                S Block Class name of the chapter: S block class Content Provider: FIITJEE Lecturer from FIITJEE Introduction based on NCERT: The s-block elements of the Periodic Table are those in which the last electron enters the outermost s-orbital. As the s-orbital can accommodate only two electrons, two groups (1 & 2) belong to the s-block of the Periodic Table. Group 1 of the Periodic Table consists of the elements: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium. They are collectively known as alkali metals. These are so-called because they form hydroxides on reaction with water which are strongly alkaline in nature. The elements of Group 2 include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. These elements with the exception of beryllium are commonly known as alkaline earth metals. These are so-called because their oxides and hydroxides are alkaline in nature and these metal oxides are found in the earth’s crust*. Amon

HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS name of the chapter: Hydrogen Compounds  ContenProt vider: FIITJEE Lecturer from FIITJEE Hydrogen NCERT Introduction: Hydrogen has the simplest atomic structure among all the elements around us in Nature. In atomic form, it consists of only one proton and one electron. However, in the elemental form, it exists as a diatomic (H2) molecule and is called dihydrogen. It forms more compounds than any other element. Do you know that the global concern related to energy can be overcome to a great extent by the use of hydrogen as a source of energy? In fact, hydrogen is of. Hydrogen  is a lighter-than-air, flammable, diatomic gas. It is colorless and only sparingly soluble in solvents. ... Platinum metal or heat can catalyze  the  reaction of  hydrogen  with oxygen to form water. In  hydrogen  fuel cells,  the  chemical oxidation of  hydrogen  to water produces electricity. Embedded PDF:

  CRYSTALLIZATION ü   What is “CRYSTALLIZATION” ü   Crystallization Definition ü   Crystallization Processes ü   Mechanism Of Crystallization   What Is “CRYSTALLIZATION”? ›   Crystallization, or crystallisation, is the process of atoms or molecules arranging into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice in order to minimize their energetic state. The smallest entity of crystal lattice is called a unit cell, which can accept atoms or molecules to grow a macroscopic crystal. During crystallization, atoms and molecules bind together with well-defined angles to form a characteristic crystal shape with smooth surfaces and facets. Although crystallization can occur in nature, crystallization also has a broad industrial application as a separation and purification step in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries   * Crystal lattice  is the symmetrical three-dimensional structural arrangements of atoms, ions or molecules (constituent particles) inside a crystalline solid as poin

  Dark matter and dark energy Formation of dark energy –          When the universe formed after the big bang theory. It started as a small ball of energy, began expanding, and still continues. –          However, the thing that puzzles scientists are that instead of the expansion slowing down its rate is increasing, going against normal physics.   Formation of dark energy –          This explains the occurrence of energy causing the expansion which scientists term as dark energy. –          According to scientists 68% of the universe is dark energy, 27% is dark matter and only 5% is what we currently can observe. –          The theory to this was first given by Einstein’s long-forgotten gravity theory which consisted of a cosmological constant.   Why is there dark energy? –          Scientists have now given 3 explanations for dark energy: –          The first is of course Einstein's theory of gravity. –          a new theory could include some kind of fi