FIITJEE Chemistry

  Adsorption Objectives: *   Define surface chemistry *  Understand the mechanism of adsorption *    Classify adsorption *    Applications of adsorption   Surface chemistry Surface chemistry is referred to as the study of the phenomenon occurring on the surfaces of substances. That is the boundary Separating 2 bulk phases. It is the study of the chemical phenomena that occur at the  interface of two surfaces which can be solid-liquid, solid-gas, solid-vacuum, liquid-gas, etc.   Who discovered adsorption? •        Carl Scheele  (1742–1786) published the first scientific adsorption measurements in 1777.   Who coined the term adsorption? The word "adsorption" was coined in 1881 by German physicist Heinrich Kayser (1853–1940). Adsorption Ø   The term adsorption was first coined in 1881 by a German physicist named Heinrich Kayser. Ø   It is the phenomenon of attracting and retaining the molecules of a substance on the surface Or a liquid or a solid leading to higher co

  Gas Laws The gas laws are a group of laws that govern the behavior of gases by providing relationships between the  following: The volume is occupied by gas. The pressure is exerted by a gas on the walls of its container.  The absolute temperature of the gas. The amount of gaseous substance (or) the number of moles of gas. The gas laws were developed towards the end of the 18th century by numerous scientists (after whom, the individual laws are named). The five gas laws are:   Boyle’s Law , which provides a relationship between the pressure and the volume of a gas.   Charles’s Law , which provides a relationship between the volume occupied by a gas and the absolute temperature.  Gay-Lussac’s Law , which provides a relationship between the pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of its container and the absolute temperature associated with the gas.   Avogadro’s Law , which provides a relationship between the volume occupied by a gas and the amount of gas

  Hydrocarbons   What is a hydrocarbon?   *  In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is a compound consisting primarily of carbon and hydrogen along with other elements added on as functional groups Few examples of Hydrocarbons are *Methane *Ethane *Ethanol *Propane *Butane Types of hydrocarbons: *The hydrocarbons can be classified as *Open chain or acyclic hydrocarbons *Cyclic hydrocarbons *Acyclic hydrocarbons have a linear structure and do not form rings *Cyclic hydrocarbons have a structure like a ring Acyclic Hydrocarbons: * Organic compounds in which all the carbon atoms are linked to one another to  form an open chain are called Acyclic Hydrocarbons. *These can be saturated or unsaturated Saturated Hydrocarbons: *The Hydrocarbons where the carbon atoms are linked by only single bonds are  called saturated Hydrocarbons. *They are also alkanes and parrafins Unsaturated Hydrocarbons * The carbon atoms are connected by double

  ATOMIC STRUCTURE Atoms •   The word “Atom” is derived from the Greek word  “Atomio or Atomos” meaning indivisible or uncut-able. •   Atoms are the smallest particles until the 19th century. •   “John Dalton” conducted various experiments &  stated Dalton’s Atomic Model (discarded now).   For PPT navigate below to the core below Dalton’s Atomic Model •          Atoms are small indivisible particles which makes up matter. •          Matter can neither be created nor destroyed. •          Atoms of the same element are similar in all aspects. •          Conversely, atoms of different elements are different in all aspects. •          Atoms combine in small whole numbers to form compounds. •          Atom is the smallest unit of matter that takes part in chemical reactions.   Defects of Dalton’s  Atomic Model •          Atoms can be further divided into subatomic particles like electrons, protons and neutrons. •          Nuclear fission and f