FIITJEE Chemistry

 Surface chemistry name of the chapter:  Surface chemistry  Content Provider: FIITJEE Lecturer from FIITJEE Introduction based on NCERT : Surface chemistry deals with phenomena that occur at the surfaces or interfaces. The interface or surface is represented by separating the bulk phases by a hyphen or a slash. For example, the interface between a solid and gas may be represented by solid-gas or solid/gas. Due to complete miscibility, there is no interface between the gases. The bulk phases that we come across in surface chemistry may be pure compounds or solutions. The interface is normally a few molecules thick but its area depends on the size of the particles of bulk phases. Many important phenomena, noticeable amongst these being corrosions, electrode processes, heterogeneous catalysis, dissolution, and crystallization occur at interfaces. The subject of surface chemistry finds many applications in industry, analytical work, and daily life situations. To a...

 Periodic table shortcut  Name of the page:   shortcut for periodic table  Done by:                       FIITJEE Student Applicable for all the classes  What is a Periodic Table? a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns. The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of elements, is a tabular display of the chemical elements, which are arranged by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The structure of the table shows periodic trends. who invented the periodic table? many collections of scientists invented it. Embedded PDF:

P BLOCK ELEMENTS name of the chapter: P block element  Content Provider: FIITJEE Lecturer from FIITJEE Introduction based on NCERT : In p-block elements, the last electron enters the outermost p orbital. As we know that the number of p orbitals is three and, therefore, the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a set of p orbitals is six. Consequently, there are six groups of p–block elements in the periodic table numbering from 13 to 18. Boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and helium head the groups. Their valence shell electronic configuration is ns2 np1-6(except for He). The inner core of the electronic configuration may, however, differ. The difference in the inner core of elements greatly influences their physical properties (such as atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, etc.) as well as chemical properties. Consequently, a lot of variation in the properties of elements in a group of p-block is observed. The maximum oxidation state sh...

                                S Block Class name of the chapter: S block class Content Provider: FIITJEE Lecturer from FIITJEE Introduction based on NCERT: The s-block elements of the Periodic Table are those in which the last electron enters the outermost s-orbital. As the s-orbital can accommodate only two electrons, two groups (1 & 2) belong to the s-block of the Periodic Table. Group 1 of the Periodic Table consists of the elements: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium. They are collectively known as alkali metals. These are so-called because they form hydroxides on reaction with water which are strongly alkaline in nature. The elements of Group 2 include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. These elements with the exception of beryllium are commonly known as alkaline earth metals. These are so-called ...

HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS name of the chapter: Hydrogen Compounds  ContenProt vider: FIITJEE Lecturer from FIITJEE Hydrogen NCERT Introduction: Hydrogen has the simplest atomic structure among all the elements around us in Nature. In atomic form, it consists of only one proton and one electron. However, in the elemental form, it exists as a diatomic (H2) molecule and is called dihydrogen. It forms more compounds than any other element. Do you know that the global concern related to energy can be overcome to a great extent by the use of hydrogen as a source of energy? In fact, hydrogen is of. Hydrogen  is a lighter-than-air, flammable, diatomic gas. It is colorless and only sparingly soluble in solvents. ... Platinum metal or heat can catalyze  the  reaction of  hydrogen  with oxygen to form water. In  hydrogen  fuel cells,  the  chemical oxidation of  hydrogen  to water produces electricity. Embedded PDF:

  CRYSTALLIZATION ü   What is “CRYSTALLIZATION” ü   Crystallization Definition ü   Crystallization Processes ü   Mechanism Of Crystallization   What Is “CRYSTALLIZATION”? ›   Crystallization, or crystallisation, is the process of atoms or molecules arranging into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice in order to minimize their energetic state. The smallest entity of crystal lattice is called a unit cell, which can accept atoms or molecules to grow a macroscopic crystal. During crystallization, atoms and molecules bind together with well-defined angles to form a characteristic crystal shape with smooth surfaces and facets. Although crystallization can occur in nature, crystallization also has a broad industrial application as a separation and purification step in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries   * Crystal lattice  is the symmetrical three-dimensional structural arrangements of atoms, ions or molecules (constitu...

  Dark matter and dark energy Formation of dark energy –          When the universe formed after the big bang theory. It started as a small ball of energy, began expanding, and still continues. –          However, the thing that puzzles scientists are that instead of the expansion slowing down its rate is increasing, going against normal physics.   Formation of dark energy –          This explains the occurrence of energy causing the expansion which scientists term as dark energy. –          According to scientists 68% of the universe is dark energy, 27% is dark matter and only 5% is what we currently can observe. –          The theory to this was first given by Einstein’s long-forgotten gravity theory which consisted of a cosmological constant.   Why is t...

  Auroras Introduction: •        An Aurora is a natural light display seen in the earth's sky, usually found in the high latitude (arctic and antarctic). •        Auroras are a result of disturbances in the magnetosphere caused by solar winds. •        These disturbances are sometimes strong enough to alter the trajectories of charged particles in both solar wind and magnetospheric plasma. Colors of Auroras (We recommend seeing the presentation for more clearance below) Auroras can be of a variety of colors: •        Red: at very high altitudes •        Green: at lower altitudes •        Blue: at very low altitudes •        Yellow •        Pink •        Ultraviolet: found in mars,...

  COLLOIDS   SOME IMPORTANT TERMS: - I) HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES: - A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout its mass, with no unique features that are visible in between the particles are called homogeneous mixtures. The exact opposite case is for heterogeneous mixtures. HOMOGENEOUS--> Solutions HETEROGENEOUS--> Colloids & Suspensions   SOLUTE, SOLVENT, AND SOLUTION: -          I)  SOLUTION: - A Homogeneous Mixture containing two or more solids, liquids, and gases. Eg:- Sugar solution        ii)     SOLUTE: - The component that is present in a lesser amount in a solution is called a    solute. Eg: In the Sugar solution, Sugar is the solute as its present in a lesser amount.      iii)    SOLVENT: - The component that is present in a larger amount in a solution is called a solvent. ...

  The Planets Introduction •       The solar system contains many planets, each of them being unique and having distinct features. •       In this presentation, I am going to discuss: §   The different types of planets. §   The composition of the planets §   A brief description of the composition of ceres. Types of planets: •       Based on their composition, planets are mainly divided into two types; gas giants and terrestrial planets. i)                   Gas Giants: •       Gas giants are composed of a high percentage of solid material. Due to the extreme pressure that exists within the core of a gas giant, hydrogen may be converted into a metallic solid or liquid form. Frequently, there are other materials interspersed within this solid matrix as well....